Feast of All Souls Day
– November 2nd
(On November 3, if the 2nd is a Sunday)
(On November 3, if the 2nd is a Sunday)
There is a natural close connexion between the feast of All Saints and the thought of the holy souls who are for ever securely established in grace and will one day enter heaven, but are detained in Purgatory to expiate their venial sins or suffer the temporal punishment due to sin. These other members of the Communion of Saints, the Church Suffering, therefore, fill the thought of the Church Militant on the morrow of her celebration of the glory of the Church Triumphant. “On this day”, says the Roman Martyrology, “the commemoration of all the faithful departed, in which their common loving Mother the Church, after celebrating with due praise all her children already in heaven, strives by her powerful intercession with Christ, her Lord and Spouse, to aid all those who are still suffering in Purgatory to come as soon as possible to the company of the inhabitants of heaven”. There is no more striking expression than this of the mysterious unity between the Church Triumphant, the Church Militant and the Church Suffering, no more effective means of fulfilling the duty of both justice and charity incumbent on every Christian through his membership of Christ’s mystical Body. There is no more consoling truth than the Communion of Saints; the fact that the merits and prayers of each one are able to help all; once this life is over, God’s justice applies in all its strictness, but the Church is able to join her prayer with that of the Saints in heaven; she can supply what is wanting to the souls in Purgatory by means of Holy Mass, indulgences and the alms and sacrifices of her children, offering to God on their behalf Christ’s infinite merits in his Passion and in his members. The sacrifice of Calvary, continued on the altar, is the centre of the liturgy, and this has always been the chief means offered us by the Church for fulfilling towards the dead the great commandment of charity, for relieving our neighbour’s needs as though they were our own, on account of the supernatural bond which unites us all, in heaven, on earth and in purgatory, in Christ.
Masses for the dead are already spoken of in the 5th century, but the commemoration of all the faithful departed together on the day after All Saints was instituted in 998 by St Odilo, fourth abbot of the great Benedictine Abbey of Cluny. Cluny’s great influence lead to the speedy adoption of the custom throughout Christendom. Benedict XIV granted priests in Spain and Portugal and their overseas possessions the privilege of saying three Masses on this day; on August 10, 1915, Benedict XV extended it to priests everywhere*.
In Mass the priest offers God Christ’s blood, the price of our Redemption; Christ Himself, present under the apprearance of bread and wine, offers himself to his Father in the very act of his Redeeming Sacrifice. Consequently, as the Council of Trent declared**, “the souls in purgatory are helped by all the suffrages of the faithful, but especially by the sacrifice of the Mass”. Every day the Church prays for the dead; in the Canon of the Mass a special Memento is made, calling to mind all who have fallen asleep in the Lord, and praying that they may be granted a place of rest, light and peace; but today is especially given up to them, so that no soul in purgatory may be left without our spiritual assistance, and all may be prayed for together by their common Mother (St Augustine at Matins). At Mass to-day, let us join with the whole Church in asking God to grant remission of sins and everlasting rest to the dead, who can now do nothing for themselves. Let us also visit the cemeteries where their bodies rest*** until the day when Christ’s victory over sin and death is perfected in them and they rise again glorious and immortal (Ep. Of 1st Mass).
* By this same institution the Holy See granted a plenary indulgence toties quoties on the same conditions as on August 2, applicable to the souls of the departed on All Soul’s Day, to all those who visited a church between noon on All Saint’s and midnight on the following day and prayed for the intentions of the Sovereign Pontiff.
** Sessio XXII., cap. II.
*** The word cemetery comes from a Greek word meaning a place where one rests in sleep.
